Bio-mathematics, Statistics, and Nano-Technologies Mosquito Control Strategies (Peyman Ghaffari)

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■Bio-mathematics, Statistics and Nano-Technologies: Mosquito Control Strategies

Figure 16.3: Outline sketch of the attractive blood feeding apparatus for anti-mosquito

performance test (JIS L1950-1).

The Guidance on the Biocidal Products Regulation (European Chemicals Agency,

ECHA) basically follows the above WHO guidelines for insecticidal products. As

for repellent-treated clothing, the similar test methods as those for repellents are stip-

ulated by ECHA to be used (cage test and experimental hut test). The GB national

standard in China (GB/T 30126-2013) might provide the only ofﬁcially published

test methods for anti-mosquito clothing. In the above standard, the modiﬁed cage test

using human arms as mosquito attractant and the simulated blood feeding test using

heated deﬁbrinated animal blood (swine or chicken) and membrane (Paraﬁlm^®) are

prescribed in the GB standard.

6. Attractive blood-feeding apparatus: Recently, the new anti-mosquito performance

test method using attractive blood-feeding apparatus has been established as

Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS L1950-1). The apparatus used in this method

consist of a mosquito cage, the artiﬁcial blood feeding device (Hemotek^®,

http://hemotek.co.uk/starter-packs/), the carbon dioxide gas supply unit, and ventila-

tion fans (Figure 16.3 and 16.4). Unfed female mosquitos (Aedes albopictus Skuse)

are released into a cage, one side of which is exposed to test textile specimens.

Mosquitos can feed the heated animal blood in Alsever’s solution which is readily

supplied by reagent manufacturers through the test textile specimens on the mem-

brane (animal intestine) (Figure 16.5). Number of mosquitos landed on the textile

specimens is counted for 10 min. and successful blood feeding is observed after the

test. The reproducibility and reduced discrepancies of the test were demonstrated

by the comparison experiments with the tests using human volunteers (Kuramoto

and Kawada 2018; Kuramoto et al. 2019). This test method is now in the process of

establishment for ISO (TC38/WG29).